CIS and LONI hosted a two-week intensive workshop at IPAM, UCLA. The workshop focused on mathematical techniques that can be applied to brain images to measure, map and model brain structure and function. Experts who are pioneers in medical image analysis described the mathematics used in brain imaging today. Topics ranged from modeling anatomical structures in MRI scans, and mapping connectivity in diffusion tensor images, to statistical analysis of functional brain images from fMRI, EEG, and MEG. Mathematical topics covered included computational anatomy, statistical analysis of functional images and time-series, ICA and random field theory, metric pattern theory, differential geometry, and computer vision approaches used in computational anatomy and functional imaging.